Fresh as a daisy: Michaelmas daisies add autumnal gaiety to any border | Daily Mail Online: The great strength of Michaelmas daisies, apart from the range of colours they provide, is that this is their time. Michaelmas, or the Feast of St Michael, falls on 29 September, so the plants are always associated with the start of autumn.
The easiest asters (to give Michaelmas daisies their botanical name) to grow are the novi-belgii cultivars.
- A novi-belgii 'Gurney Slade', 'Professor Anton Kippenberg' and 'Mistress Quickly'. All rich violets and purple and massed petals.
- In the pink shades, 'Coombe Gladys' and 'Lady Frances'.
- 'Dusky Maid', 'Winston S Churchill' and 'Prunella' - deep plum-coloured ones.
- New England asters, Aster novae-angliae , which are pretty much pest- and disease-resistant. 'Barr's Violet' is a good purple, as is 'Violetta'. 'Lou Williams' and 'Septemberrubin' are just on the pink side of plum.
- A amellus 'King George', 'Veilchenkönigin' has smaller flower heads but is deeper and more intense in colour, 'Nocturne', which has deep lilac flowers on 3ft tall stems.
- Aster x frikartii. Named the results after Swiss mountains. 'Jungfrau' and 'Eiger' remain good rich lilac/purples, the only real difference being that 'Jungfrau' is more compact and floriferous. 'Mönch'.
Flower focus | Life and style | The Observer: New York Asters.
Although they have been grown in Europe since the 17th century, New York Asters have only been seriously hybridised in the past 100 years. The result is a range of rich, intense colours that work perfectly against autumn's fading light. 'Gurney Slade' 'Mistress Quickly' and 'Professor Anton Kippenberg' are all violet and purple with massed petals, while 'Coombe Gladys' and 'Lady Francis' are halfway between magenta and purple. Even better are all the deep plum-coloured ones. Try 'Dusky Maid', 'Winston S Churchill' and 'Prunella'.
All New York Asters are prone to mildew, which covers the leaves in white fungus. To combat this, grow them in rich, damp soil. In thin, sandy soil it is also hard to avoid grey fungal rot which thrives in hot, dry conditions. It starts mid summer and can almost finish the plant off before it flowers. Best bet is to grow resistant varieties like Aster x frikartii which has long petals and loves very well-drained soil and Aster novae-angliae (from New England) which tends to come in pink. Both are amazingly tough and spread about a foot a year.
In focus: Asters - Telegraph:
The true 'Mönch' is hard to find, but a good nursery, such as Four Seasons or Cotswold Garden Flowers, should be able to supply the authentic form. Its blue daisies appear for almost four months, it needs no staking, and it is healthy.
Aster lateriflorus 'Horizontalis' looks distinguished at any time of year.
Growing tips
Most soils in sun or partial shade will suit asters.
If you give them too much nourishment, they will become lax and floppy.
Most varieties need staking, firmly. Autumn winds can make asters look very messy.
Division is best done in spring rather than in autumn. But you can also do it in August so that plants make new roots in warm soil.
Many of the old A. novi-belgii group are very invasive. If you are desperate to the kind of asters found in old gardens, try planting them in long grass, where they can look quite romantic.
Where to buy
Four Seasons Forncett St Mary, Norwich, Norfolk NR16 1JT (01508 488344; www.fsperennials.co.uk) - mail order only.
Cotswold Garden Flowers Sands Lane, Badsey, Evesham, Worcestershire WR11 5EZ (01386 833849; www.cgf.net).
To buy asters from greenfingers.com click here.
To buy asters from crocus.co.uk.
'via Blog this'
Monday 6 October 2014
Saturday 4 October 2014
Компост, перегной и прочеее.
Садовое обозрение - Земля - это фабрика-кухня, а мы лишь подносим ей продукты:
Вопрос первый. Ты везде пишешь - на 1 кв.м. полведра перегноя. Но при этом ты говоришь из компостной кучи. Так там же растительный компост, а перегной – это ведь перепревший навоз?
К сожалению, я часто иду на поводу у дачников и использую слово «перегной». Оно нехорошее, потому что зарождает в нас мысль, что процесс должен сопровождаться гниением. На самом деле, в агрокультуре используют компост – органическое удобрение, получаемое в результате переработки органических веществ микроорганизмами и червями. А органические вещества могут быть навозом, птичьим пометом, растительными остатками и т.д. и т.п. А лучше, если такая разная органика соединяется в одной компостной куче или компостере.
В идеале, когда мы закладываем компостную кучу из растительных остатков, их нужно переслаивать слоями навоза или птичьего помета (можно купить и сухой), рублеными ветками, кухонными отходами. Потому что одни растительные остатки будут именно гнить, а не перерабатываться микроорганизмами и червями из-за высокой влажности массы и слабого воздухообмена.
Когда я пишу количество перегноя на кв.м., конечно, имею в виду высококачественный компост. Если же органика «вылеживалась» в компостной куче больше года, да еще и не была накрыта, а микроорганизмы не активизировались, то количество можно смело увеличивать в 2 раза.
Вопрос второй. Сколько вносить осенью перепревшего навоза на грядки? Как глубоко заделывать? Нужно ли его смешивать с соломой? И что лучше делать с соломой и опилками?
Да, осенью можно вносить на грядки перепревший навоз, хотя нужно быть готовым к тому, что в нем сохранилось немало семян сорняков и весной у вас будет полыхать зеленый костер. Но это не так страшно, если владеть плоскорезом и не полениться пару раз подсечь сорняки в младенческом возрасте.
Тем не менее я предпочитаю такой качественный компост вносить весной. Объясняю: если будет быстрое таяние снегов, то значительная часть питательных веществ уйдет в глубь почвы, а на пологих участках «убежит» в низины, и станет труднодоступной для растений, особенно в начале развития овощных культур.
Заделывают перепревший навоз на грядах неглубоко, максимум на 5-6 см. Часть его используют для мульчирования особо ценных культур. Часть кладут в посадочные ямки для картофеля, томатов, перца, баклажан, тыквы и т.п.
Чтобы сохранить перепревший навоз в хорошем качестве до весны, нужно насыпать на почве слой опилок (5-10 см), складировать на них компост, тщательно накрыть бурт старой полиэтиленовой пленкой, обязательно прижать ее к земле, чтобы зимой ветром ее не сдуло. Часть такого компоста я заношу в теплицу (она у меня крытая). Большая часть сразу же заделывается в почву вместе с сидератами, а часть в баках, накрытых досками, ждет весны.
Солому же вообще не разумно вносить в почву осенью, за исключением формирования высоких теплых гряд. Она может слежаться и только ухудшить структуру почвы. Поэтому я бы рекомендовала складировать ее, обязательно накрыть, чтобы не мокла под дождями. Весной же она пойдет на формирование гряд и мульчирование, переслаивание компостных куч.
А вот опилки лучше всего вносить сейчас, добавляя на ведро стакан доломитовой муки. Таким образом происходит раскисление почвы, а у опилок появляется хороший задел по времени, чтобы улучшить структуру почвы. Можно смело мульчировать толстым слоем опилок малину. Если опилки крупные, то стоит оставить пару мешком, чтобы летом замульчировать ими землянику.
Вопрос третий. Я у тебя читала про ров в центре грядки, куда заделывается солома и перегной. А что с ним делать дальше? Почему его делают по центру? Остальная же земля останется без питания?
Почва, как я уже писала выше, это очень сложный организм, в котором постоянно происходят какие-то процессы. И так не бывает, что вы кладете в точке А удобрение, а в точке В, которая находится в 40 см, нет и следов этого удобрения. Растения питаются не самими удобрениями (у них ведь нет зубов!), а водными растворами, точнее солевыми растворами. Вода подземная поднимается вверх по капиллярам, вода снеговая, дождевая или поливная растворяет органику и минералку и делают питание доступным растениям. Там еще происходит сложный микробиологический процесс. Но и так должно быть понятно, что если вы кладете удобрения в центре грядки, то достанется всем растениям, живущим на ней. Да и корневая система у растений весьма разветвленная.
Когда же мы закладываем грубую органику в центре грядки, то даем ей время, чтобы стать доступной растениям, не мешая им, еще крошкам, нормально расти. И вот когда они станут постарше, то кроме «манной каши» (вы же готовили почву всю под посадку), потребуют и «стейк с кровью». И вам уже не надо будет бодяжить разные подкормки, носиться с ведром и кормить своих «деток». То, что было зарыто в центре грядки, это своего рода пролонгированное удобрение, которого должно хватить на весь сезон. Просто нужно будет по требованию поливать растения, а значит и «зарытый клад».
Так что земля – это такая постоянно работающая фабрика-кухня по переработке всего и вся для пользы растений и той живности, что ее населяет.
Ну а про то, как пополнить осевшие за сезон грядки-короба, я напишу подробно в воскресенье. Увы, работа привалила!
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Thursday 2 October 2014
Сut flowers.
Enjoy cut flowers from the garden all year round - Telegraph:
Louise Curley's cutting and displaying tips
Pick flowers early morning or evening to avoid transpiration.
Cut a long stem but leave enough for the plant to regenerate.
Use secateurs or snips for a clean cut.
Plunge stems immediately into a bucket of cold water.
Leave them to rest in a cool garage or shed. But keep away from fruit and veg.
When arranging, snip the stem with a diagonal cut for maximum absorption area.
Put daffs in a separate bucket and keep refreshing the water until sap stops leaking.
Wrap tulip stems in newspaper secured with a rubber band and leave in a bucket of water for a few hours.
Sear the stems of poppies, roses, euphorbias and dahlias to stop early petal fall, by dipping the base of the stem in boiling water, while protecting the flower from steam.
Keep vases in a cool shady spot, and refresh water daily.
'via Blog this'
Wednesday 1 October 2014
Saturday 27 September 2014
Friday 26 September 2014
How to grow ericaceous plants.
How to grow ericaceous plants » Ashwood Nurseries:
Ericaceous plants include Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Camellias, Heathers, Pieris, Blueberry, Cassiope, Eucryphia, Enkianthus, Fothergilla, Gaultheria, Leucothoe, Nyassa, Kalmia, Pseudowintera, Styrax and Vaccinum.
Ericaceous plants require acidic to neutral soils (pH7 or lower) and generally will not thrive in more alkaline conditions (i.e. high in lime, pH7.5 or higher). They are mostly plants of woodland, heath or mountain-side so require moist but well drained soils that are rich in organic matter.
Position
Most ericaceous plants prefer the dappled shade and shelter of other trees and shrubs and are also useful subjects for a sheltered North facing border. They are tolerant of more sunny exposures as long as the soil remains moist. Smaller leaved rhododendrons, most azaleas as well as blueberries and heathers prefer a slightly sunnier position, perhaps shaded from the sun when it is at its strongest in the early afternoon. Rhododendron yakushimanum and its cultivars are very tolerant of cooler, more exposed positions.
Our ericaceous plants are generally completely hardy, tolerating temperatures down to -15 ° F (-25 °C). Those plants marked slightly tender should be given a very sheltered position. Some care is needed in the siting of early flowering subjects to avoid their blooms becoming marked by late spring frosts and for these it is best to avoid an east-facing site. Likewise, plants that produce spring foliage colour (e.g. pieris) are probably better placed in a southerly or westerly aspect, sheltered from sun and cold winds by surrounding evergreen shrubs.
Planting
All ericaceous plants are surface rooting with very fine roots so extra care is needed when planting. Plants grown in containers can be planted out at any time of year; provided that the ground is not frozen.
Prepare an area 5-6 times larger than the pot size: work organic matter (such as leaf mould, peat or good quality ericaceous compost) into this area to form a nice friable mixture. Mushroom compost and manure are not suitable because of their lime content, nor should fertiliser be applied at this stage.
Water the plant in its pot thoroughly, leaving to soak for a few minutes. The correct planting depth is very important as ericaceous plants will not thrive if planted too deeply: plant to the same depth as the compost in the container, barely covering this with the lightest layer of soil.
Place the plant in its planting hole and then firm in lightly with the fists. If necessary, particularly with a larger plant, drive in a stout stake away from the root ball and tie the plant to it.
Finally, water the plant by giving it a thorough soaking at the roots. A light sprinkling of water is a waste of time, has no benefit to the plant and in fact can be detrimental to the roots
Aftercare
Continue to water during the first growing season and subsequently during very dry weather otherwise the fine roots will suffer. All weeds are best removed by hand whilst still young as hoeing and forking too close to the plants may damage the roots.
An annual mulch of peat, leaf-mould, pine needles or composted bark is beneficial. Spread this material in a 1-2 inch (2.5-5cm) band 6 inches (15cm) from the base of the plant. Never mulch too close to the stem of the plant as this may cause the bark to rot. Avoid using fertilisers other than a very light application of blood, fish and bone in May only.
After flowering, the larger flowers of rhododendrons, azaleas and camellias can be dead headed by carefully breaking out the truss of seed heads before the leaf buds start into growth, but take great care not to damage these new buds.
How to grow Ericaceous Plants on Alkaline Soil
If your soil is alkaline, we would suggest planting into large containers or purpose-built raised beds.
Containers should have a drainage hole, filled with good quality ericaceous compost and their position in the garden chosen carefully to take into account their cultural requirements. You must be prepared to be diligent with watering.
Raised beds should be raised at least 6 inches (15cm) above surrounding soil to prevent any alkaline water flowing into them. The walls can be built of most materials although we would discourage the use of limestone or concrete blocks. Some materials that harmonise particularly well with this form of plantings include old railway sleepers or half round timber edging. The beds should be filled with an ericaceous mix either a good ericaceous potting compost, or a mixture or two parts acid loam (shredded Mendip Loam being ideal) six parts peat of leaf-mould and one part sharp flint or quartz grit (not limestone chippings) of between ¼ and 1/8 inch. (3-6mm)
Pests and Diseases
Ericaceous plants are rarely troubled by pests and diseases except for aphids (green fly) which distort the young growths: these should be controlled either with a systemic insecticide or regular treatments with a proprietary soap treatment. Mildew, if it occurs, is best controlled using a systemic fungicide.
Sometimes, the roots and underground stems may be nibbled by vine weevil grubs. The adult weevils leave irregular-shaped notches in the leaf margins during the summer while the white legless grubs are likely to be found among the roots which they eat, causing the plants to wilt in severe cases. “Provado Vine Weevil Killer” is an effective control for plants in containers.
More! Make an Ericaceous Soil Bed for Acid-Loving Fruits:
Espoma's "Soil Acidifier."
It contains sulfur, derived from elemental sulfur and gypsum.
You can find this organic goodness at any respectable garden center. Application is a breeze: First, grab a measuring cup...
And fill it with the acidifying granules.
Then pour the granules in a circle around the drip line of each shrub.
The drip line is the outermost edge from which water would naturally drip from the plant.
Feeder roots are concentrated there.
Rates. For young shrubs, use about 1 1/4 cups acidifier. For larger shrubs, use 2 1/2 cups.
Repeat the procedure every 60 days or so, or until you achieve the correct pH for your blueberries -- 4.6 to 5.5. Watering-in.
'via Blog this'
Ericaceous plants include Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Camellias, Heathers, Pieris, Blueberry, Cassiope, Eucryphia, Enkianthus, Fothergilla, Gaultheria, Leucothoe, Nyassa, Kalmia, Pseudowintera, Styrax and Vaccinum.
Ericaceous plants require acidic to neutral soils (pH7 or lower) and generally will not thrive in more alkaline conditions (i.e. high in lime, pH7.5 or higher). They are mostly plants of woodland, heath or mountain-side so require moist but well drained soils that are rich in organic matter.
Position
Most ericaceous plants prefer the dappled shade and shelter of other trees and shrubs and are also useful subjects for a sheltered North facing border. They are tolerant of more sunny exposures as long as the soil remains moist. Smaller leaved rhododendrons, most azaleas as well as blueberries and heathers prefer a slightly sunnier position, perhaps shaded from the sun when it is at its strongest in the early afternoon. Rhododendron yakushimanum and its cultivars are very tolerant of cooler, more exposed positions.
Our ericaceous plants are generally completely hardy, tolerating temperatures down to -15 ° F (-25 °C). Those plants marked slightly tender should be given a very sheltered position. Some care is needed in the siting of early flowering subjects to avoid their blooms becoming marked by late spring frosts and for these it is best to avoid an east-facing site. Likewise, plants that produce spring foliage colour (e.g. pieris) are probably better placed in a southerly or westerly aspect, sheltered from sun and cold winds by surrounding evergreen shrubs.
Planting
All ericaceous plants are surface rooting with very fine roots so extra care is needed when planting. Plants grown in containers can be planted out at any time of year; provided that the ground is not frozen.
Prepare an area 5-6 times larger than the pot size: work organic matter (such as leaf mould, peat or good quality ericaceous compost) into this area to form a nice friable mixture. Mushroom compost and manure are not suitable because of their lime content, nor should fertiliser be applied at this stage.
Water the plant in its pot thoroughly, leaving to soak for a few minutes. The correct planting depth is very important as ericaceous plants will not thrive if planted too deeply: plant to the same depth as the compost in the container, barely covering this with the lightest layer of soil.
Place the plant in its planting hole and then firm in lightly with the fists. If necessary, particularly with a larger plant, drive in a stout stake away from the root ball and tie the plant to it.
Finally, water the plant by giving it a thorough soaking at the roots. A light sprinkling of water is a waste of time, has no benefit to the plant and in fact can be detrimental to the roots
Aftercare
Continue to water during the first growing season and subsequently during very dry weather otherwise the fine roots will suffer. All weeds are best removed by hand whilst still young as hoeing and forking too close to the plants may damage the roots.
An annual mulch of peat, leaf-mould, pine needles or composted bark is beneficial. Spread this material in a 1-2 inch (2.5-5cm) band 6 inches (15cm) from the base of the plant. Never mulch too close to the stem of the plant as this may cause the bark to rot. Avoid using fertilisers other than a very light application of blood, fish and bone in May only.
After flowering, the larger flowers of rhododendrons, azaleas and camellias can be dead headed by carefully breaking out the truss of seed heads before the leaf buds start into growth, but take great care not to damage these new buds.
How to grow Ericaceous Plants on Alkaline Soil
If your soil is alkaline, we would suggest planting into large containers or purpose-built raised beds.
Containers should have a drainage hole, filled with good quality ericaceous compost and their position in the garden chosen carefully to take into account their cultural requirements. You must be prepared to be diligent with watering.
Raised beds should be raised at least 6 inches (15cm) above surrounding soil to prevent any alkaline water flowing into them. The walls can be built of most materials although we would discourage the use of limestone or concrete blocks. Some materials that harmonise particularly well with this form of plantings include old railway sleepers or half round timber edging. The beds should be filled with an ericaceous mix either a good ericaceous potting compost, or a mixture or two parts acid loam (shredded Mendip Loam being ideal) six parts peat of leaf-mould and one part sharp flint or quartz grit (not limestone chippings) of between ¼ and 1/8 inch. (3-6mm)
Pests and Diseases
Ericaceous plants are rarely troubled by pests and diseases except for aphids (green fly) which distort the young growths: these should be controlled either with a systemic insecticide or regular treatments with a proprietary soap treatment. Mildew, if it occurs, is best controlled using a systemic fungicide.
Sometimes, the roots and underground stems may be nibbled by vine weevil grubs. The adult weevils leave irregular-shaped notches in the leaf margins during the summer while the white legless grubs are likely to be found among the roots which they eat, causing the plants to wilt in severe cases. “Provado Vine Weevil Killer” is an effective control for plants in containers.
More! Make an Ericaceous Soil Bed for Acid-Loving Fruits:
Espoma's "Soil Acidifier."
It contains sulfur, derived from elemental sulfur and gypsum.
You can find this organic goodness at any respectable garden center. Application is a breeze: First, grab a measuring cup...
And fill it with the acidifying granules.
Then pour the granules in a circle around the drip line of each shrub.
The drip line is the outermost edge from which water would naturally drip from the plant.
Feeder roots are concentrated there.
Rates. For young shrubs, use about 1 1/4 cups acidifier. For larger shrubs, use 2 1/2 cups.
Repeat the procedure every 60 days or so, or until you achieve the correct pH for your blueberries -- 4.6 to 5.5. Watering-in.
'via Blog this'
Best autumn-fruiting raspberries.
The three best autumn-fruiting raspberries are:
Sugana - an exciting variety that not only crops from August to October but, if you leave the canes unpruned it will fruit again in June the following year. And it tastes great.
Erika - almost too good for jam (I did say almost) and perfect when eaten straight off the bush.
Himbotop - a Swiss variety, so should be pretty good in colder areas. Incidentally, the best raspberries I’ve ever tasted are those grown on the west coast of Scotland. I think the rain makes the fruit plumper.
Sugana - an exciting variety that not only crops from August to October but, if you leave the canes unpruned it will fruit again in June the following year. And it tastes great.
Erika - almost too good for jam (I did say almost) and perfect when eaten straight off the bush.
Himbotop - a Swiss variety, so should be pretty good in colder areas. Incidentally, the best raspberries I’ve ever tasted are those grown on the west coast of Scotland. I think the rain makes the fruit plumper.
Friday 19 September 2014
October.
Soil Association : October:
Sowing
If you sowed onion seeds last month, these can be thinned, but take care not to disturb the remaining seedlings. Corn salad and dwarf early peas can be sown in a warm, sheltered border. Sow winter lettuces and other winter salad crops, like lamb’s lettuce: you may need cloches to protect these over the winter. Also, it’s the last chance to plant out cabbage seedlings this month: any plants not set out now should be left in the nursery bed over the winter.
As your plots are cleared you should also sow a green manure such as clover or rye grass to cover ground until next spring. Green manures will help prevent weeds establishing, and once dug into the ground the following spring they help return nutrients to the soil, helping the fertility of your plot.
'via Blog this'
As your plots are cleared you should also sow a green manure such as clover or rye grass to cover ground until next spring. Green manures will help prevent weeds establishing, and once dug into the ground the following spring they help return nutrients to the soil, helping the fertility of your plot.
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